What is defined as the flow of electrons through a conductor?

The flow of electrons through a conductor is defined as current. In electrical circuits, current is the measure of the electric charge (in coulombs) that flows past a specified point in a conductor over time, usually expressed in amperes (A). When a potential difference (voltage) is applied across a conductor, it creates an electric field, which causes the electrons to move, resulting in the flow of current.

Understanding current is fundamental in circuit analysis and electronic systems, as it directly impacts the performance of the circuit and the components involved. Current can be direct (DC) where the flow is steady and constant, or alternating (AC) where the flow changes direction periodically.

Voltage, while related, is specifically the potential difference that drives the current through the conductor rather than the flow itself. Resistance refers to the opposition that a circuit or component presents to the flow of current and is measured in ohms. Power, on the other hand, represents the rate at which electrical work is done or the energy consumed per unit time, measured in watts.

Therefore, the correct answer emphasizes the crucial concept of current as it relates to electron flow and underpins much of electrical theory and practical applications in electronics.