What is a characteristic of a step-down transformer?

A step-down transformer is designed to reduce voltage while increasing current. This characteristic is rooted in the principles of electromagnetic induction, which state that the voltage across the primary coil and secondary coil is related to the number of turns in each coil. In a step-down transformer, there are more turns of wire in the primary coil compared to the secondary coil. Consequently, this design facilitates a higher input voltage that is transformed into a lower output voltage.

As the voltage decreases, the current increases in accordance with the law of conservation of energy, which dictates that the power (voltage multiplied by current) remains constant for an ideal transformer. Thus, while the voltage is stepped down, the current in the secondary circuit must increase to maintain equilibrium.

This fundamental operation makes step-down transformers essential in various applications, such as power distribution systems where it is necessary to lower voltage levels for safe use in homes and businesses.