What does Kirchhoff's Voltage Law state about voltage drops in a closed circuit?

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of all voltages in a closed loop or circuit must equal zero. This principle is fundamental in circuit analysis and derives from the law of conservation of energy, indicating that the energy supplied by voltage sources in the circuit is equal to the energy consumed by the circuit elements, such as resistors and other components.

In practical terms, when you trace around a closed loop in a circuit, adding up the voltage gains (from sources) and the voltage drops (across components), the sum must equal zero. This means that whatever energy is provided by the power sources is completely used up by the components in the circuit, reflecting the closed nature of the electrical loop.

The other options relate to different aspects of electrical principles but do not accurately describe KVL. The incorrect options may cover current, resistance, or circuit independence, which do not address the specific relationship that KVL defines regarding voltage in a closed circuit.