What component increases lift and drag during takeoff and landing?

Flaps are devices attached to the wings of an aircraft that can be extended during takeoff and landing. When deployed, they increase the curvature of the airfoil, enhancing the wing's lift capabilities at lower speeds. This added lift allows the aircraft to take off and land safely from shorter distances, which is particularly beneficial for small runways or adverse weather conditions.

In addition to increasing lift, flaps also increase drag. The approval of the additional drag counteracts the aircraft's tendency to accelerate too rapidly during the landing approach. This drag helps to slow the aircraft down appropriately, ensuring a controlled descent and allowing for stable touchdown.

The other components play different roles in aircraft maneuverability and flight control. Ailerons are responsible for controlling roll and are not primarily involved in altering lift during takeoff and landing. Slats also modify airflow over the wing at high angles of attack to enhance lift but are less effective specifically for drag adjustment than flaps. The rudder primarily controls yaw and helps stabilize the aircraft but does not directly influence lift or drag in the context of takeoff and landing.